Question 1

Which of the following is a primary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in animals?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation, enhancing reproductive success in changing environments.

Question 2

Which structure in the human female reproductive system is responsible for producing eggs and secreting hormones such as estrogen and progesterone?

Accepted Answer

Ovary

Question 3

During oogenesis in humans, what is the fate of the secondary oocyte if it is not fertilized?

Accepted Answer

It degenerates and is expelled during menstruation.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the human female menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

A couple is experiencing infertility due to blocked oviducts in the female. Which reproductive technology would most directly address this issue?

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of gastrulation in embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Formation of three embryonic layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the placenta during human pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus.

Question 8

Which accessory gland in the male reproductive system secretes a fluid that helps neutralize the acidity of the vagina?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs during the process of fertilization in humans?

Accepted Answer

The sperm and egg nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote.

Question 10

Which embryonic layer gives rise to the nervous system during development?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 11

A scientist observes that a certain animal species can reproduce rapidly in a stable environment but shows little genetic diversity. Which reproductive strategy is most likely being used?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why external fertilization is more common in aquatic animals than in terrestrial animals?

Accepted Answer

Water provides a medium for gametes to meet and prevents desiccation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human vagina?

Accepted Answer

Site of fertilization

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the placenta and is used as an indicator in pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of homeotic (Hox) genes in animal development?

Accepted Answer

They control the spatial arrangement of body parts during embryonic development.

Question 16

A mutation in the gene responsible for apoptosis during embryonic development would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Persistence of structures that should be eliminated, such as webbed fingers

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches the embryonic membrane with its function?

Accepted Answer

Chorion – facilitates gas exchange between embryo and mother

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the rapid succession of cell divisions that produces a multicellular embryo from the zygote?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located in the scrotum outside the body cavity?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature lower than body temperature, which is optimal for sperm production

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the positive feedback loop involving oxytocin during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Increased uterine contractions leading to delivery of the baby

Reproduction and Embryonic Development – General Biology Study Notes

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