Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the probability of gene flow between two populations if $$P_{mating} is $$the probability of mating and $$P_{fertilization} is $$the probability of successful fertilization?

$$P_{gene\ flow} = P_{mating} \times P_{fertilization}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of an ecological barrier to gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Two populations of crickets live in the same area but prefer different soil types for breeding.

Question 2

A hybrid offspring between two species of fish is unable to survive to adulthood. Which reproductive barrier is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid inviability

Question 3

Which equation best represents the probability of successful fertilization between two species with gametic incompatibility?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{fertilization} = 0$$

Question 4

Which scenario illustrates conspecific gamete precedence?

Accepted Answer

Sperm from species A and B are present, but only species A's sperm fertilizes the egg.

Question 5

Two populations of lizards are separated by a river. In one population, females prefer males with red dewlaps, while in the other, females prefer orange dewlaps. What type of reproductive barrier is most likely evolving?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral isolation

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a reproductive barrier to gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Two groups of frogs are separated by a desert.

Question 7

Which of the following is a postzygotic barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 8

If two species of pine trees release pollen at different times of year, which type of reproductive barrier is present?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 9

Which formula describes the fitness of hybrid offspring if their survival rate is $$S$$ and their fertility rate is $$F$$?

Accepted Answer

$$Fitness = S 	imes F$$

Question 10

Which scenario best illustrates mechanical isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of beetles cannot mate due to mismatched genitalia.

Question 11

A population of crickets breeds on loamy soil, while another breeds on sandy soil. Both breed at the same time. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

Accepted Answer

Ecological isolation

Question 12

Which of the following is a premating barrier?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral isolation

Question 13

If two species produce hybrid offspring that cannot produce functional gametes, which reproductive barrier is present?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 14

Which equation would you use to calculate the probability of gene flow between two populations if $$P_{mating} is $$the probability of mating and $$P_{fertilization} is $$the probability of successful fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{gene\ flow} = P_{mating} 	imes P_{fertilization}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a postmating-prezygotic barrier?

Accepted Answer

Gametic incompatibility

Question 16

Which scenario would most likely result in hybrid inviability?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid offspring fail to survive to reproductive age.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of temporal isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of pine trees release pollen at different times of year.

Question 18

If two species have different numbers of chromosomes, what is the most likely outcome for their hybrid offspring?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility due to abnormal meiosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a premating barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 20

Which scenario best illustrates behavioral isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of crickets produce different mating calls and do not recognize each other as mates.

6. Mechanisms of Speciation

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