Question 1

Which adaptation is most likely found in the plant shown in the first image (succulent, stone-like leaves) to minimize water loss in its arid environment?

Accepted Answer

CAM photosynthesis, opening stomata at night

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of mycorrhizae, as shown in the image with roots and fungus?

Accepted Answer

They increase the plant's ability to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Question 3

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a lower water potential ($$\psi) $$than the cell's cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and become flaccid or plasmolyzed.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between water potential, solute potential, and pressure potential in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\psi = \psi_s + \psi_p$$

Question 5

What is the main driving force for the upward movement of water in the xylem of tall trees?

Accepted Answer

Transpirational pull due to evaporation at the leaf surface

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why stomata generally close during periods of drought stress?

Accepted Answer

To reduce water loss through transpiration

Question 7

A plant with alternate phyllotaxy is most likely to be found in which environment, and why?

Accepted Answer

A low-light environment, to minimize leaf overlap and maximize light capture

Question 8

Which of the following statements about bulk flow in plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bulk flow is driven by pressure gradients and is independent of solute concentration.

Question 9

If a plant's guard cells lose turgor pressure, what will be the immediate effect on the stomata?

Accepted Answer

Stomata will close, reducing water loss.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to roots in a plant?

Accepted Answer

Translocation through the phloem

Question 11

A plant cell with a solute potential ($$\psi_s) of$$ $$-0.7$$ MPa and a pressure potential ($$\psi_p) of$$ $$0.5$$ MPa is placed in pure water ($$\psi = 0$$ MPa). What is the water potential of the cell, and in which direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

Cell $$\psi = -0.2$$ MPa; water will move into the cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the cohesion-tension hypothesis for water movement in plants?

Accepted Answer

Water is pulled up the plant due to evaporation at the leaves, with cohesion and adhesion aiding the process.

Question 13

Which of the following is a likely consequence of cavitation in the xylem?

Accepted Answer

Formation of air bubbles that block water transport

Question 14

Why do desert plants (xerophytes) typically have fewer stomata than plants in moist environments?

Accepted Answer

To reduce water loss through transpiration

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why phloem sap moves from source to sink?

Accepted Answer

Positive pressure generated by active loading of sugars at the source

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for stomatal opening?

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid production due to water deficiency

Question 17

Which route allows water and minerals to move through the cell walls and intercellular spaces without crossing a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Apoplastic route

Question 18

What is the role of the proton pump in plant cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It creates a chemiosmotic gradient used for co-transport of ions and solutes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of companion cells in the phloem?

Accepted Answer

They assist sieve-tube elements by providing metabolic support.

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

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