Question 1

Which functional group is primarily responsible for acting as a base in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($R-NH_2$)

Question 2

A molecule contains the functional group $R-COOH$. What property does this group confer to the molecule?

Accepted Answer

Acts as an acid

Question 3

Which functional group is found in alcohols and is important for making molecules soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($R-OH$)

Question 4

A mutation in a protein leads to the loss of disulfide bonds. Which functional group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($R-SH$)

Question 5

Which of the following functional groups is most directly involved in energy transfer reactions, such as those in ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($R-O-PO_3^{2-}$)

Question 6

A molecule with the structure $R-COH$ is classified as which type of compound?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Question 7

Which functional group is present in both aldehydes and ketones, and is involved in reactions that produce large molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($R-CO$)

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of the carboxyl group in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Acts as an acid

Question 9

A patient has a metabolic disorder affecting the breakdown of alcohols. Which functional group is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($R-OH$)

Question 10

Which functional group can form covalent disulfide ($S-S$) bonds that contribute to protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($R-SH$)

Question 11

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to increase the solubility of a molecule in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($R-OH$)

Question 12

A molecule contains both a carboxyl group and an amino group. What property does this combination confer?

Accepted Answer

It can act as both an acid and a base

Question 13

Which functional group is most likely to be found in molecules that store large amounts of chemical energy, such as ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($R-O-PO_3^{2-}$)

Question 14

Which functional group is most likely to make a molecule sour in taste?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($R-OH$)

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct match between a functional group and its typical biological role?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($R-NH_2$): Acts as a base

Question 16

Which functional group is most likely to be found in a molecule that reacts with certain compounds to produce large molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($R-CO$)

Question 17

A scientist is studying a protein that is stabilized by covalent $S-S$ bonds. Which amino acid is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Cysteine

Question 18

Which functional group is present in both aldehydes and ketones, and is important for the formation of large biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($R-CO$)

Question 19

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to be found in a molecule that acts as a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($R-OH$)

Question 20

A molecule contains a phosphate group. Which of the following is a likely function of this molecule in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing large amounts of chemical energy

Six Functional Groups Commonly Attached to Carbon Atoms

Study Guide - Practice Questions