Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of a hydrostatic skeleton, and which animal is an example of this type of skeleton?

Accepted Answer

It uses fluid-filled compartments to provide shape and movement; example: earthworm.

Question 2

Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 3

A patient suffers a broken femur. Which tissue is primarily responsible for forming new bone during the healing process?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

Which component of bone is responsible for its flexibility and resistance to shattering?

Accepted Answer

Collagen protein fibers

Question 5

A 25-year-old who leads a sedentary lifestyle is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hormone levels and lack of weight-bearing exercise

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to shift and expose myosin binding sites on actin.

Question 7

During muscle contraction, which of the following statements is correct regarding the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The sarcomere shortens as myosin heads pull actin filaments toward the center.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why muscle contraction stops when $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$} is $$actively transported out of the muscle cell cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin returns to block the myosin binding sites on actin.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Neuron signal → $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ released → $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ binds troponin → tropomyosin shifts → myosin binds actin → ATP used for power stroke

Question 10

A long bone, such as the femur, contains several distinct regions. Which region is primarily responsible for producing new blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone containing red bone marrow

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons?

Accepted Answer

The axial skeleton includes the skull, backbone, and rib cage; the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong but not brittle?

Accepted Answer

They contain a matrix of minerals embedded in collagen fibers.

Question 13

A patient with a broken bone is found to have slow healing. Which of the following could be a contributing factor?

Accepted Answer

Lack of fibrous connective tissue to form new bone

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the exoskeleton in insects?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a rigid external structure for muscle attachment.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for the myosin head to perform the power stroke.

Question 16

A person is unable to contract their muscles even though ATP is present. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

There is a lack of $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$} to $$bind troponin and shift tropomyosin.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in people with a sedentary lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

Bone repair mechanisms are stimulated by regular weight-bearing activity.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about bone structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The central cavity of a long bone contains yellow bone marrow, which stores fat.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between myosin and actin during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads attach to actin and pull it toward the center of the sarcomere.

Skeletal and Muscular Systems: Key Concepts and Guided Study

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