Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in keratin production would most likely have abnormalities in which layer of the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum

Question 3

Which tissue type is responsible for the detection of sensory information such as touch, pain, and temperature in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Neural tissue

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process by which UVB radiation leads to vitamin D synthesis in the skin?

Accepted Answer

UVB converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

Question 5

Which of the following layers is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A burn patient loses the lipid-rich layer formed by lamellar granules. What is the most immediate physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased water loss through the skin

Question 7

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the variation in human skin color?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 8

Which gland is responsible for secreting a lipid-rich substance that lubricates hair and skin, and what is the mode of secretion?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland; holocrine secretion

Question 9

A patient is unable to sense gentle touch but can still sense coarse touch. Which sensory receptor is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Meissner corpuscle

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the rate of heat loss ($$Q) $$through the skin, the surface area ($$A$$), the temperature difference ($$\Delta T$$), and the thermal conductivity ($$k) of $$the skin?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{kA\Delta T}{d}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the stages of wound healing in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells migrate to cover the wound after granulation tissue forms

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why individuals living at higher latitudes are at greater risk for vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

They are exposed to less UVB radiation

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in the dermis but NOT in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Loose areolar connective tissue

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Keytruda in treating metastatic melanoma?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the PD-1 receptor on T cells, enhancing immune response against tumor cells

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of gland type and its primary function in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine gland – pheromone production

Question 17

A mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes would most directly affect which function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical strength and resistance to abrasion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of connective tissue in the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Loose areolar connective tissue is superficial to dense irregular connective tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the stratum corneum is an effective barrier to water loss?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by a lipid-rich layer

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Skin Histology: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components

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