Question 1

Which of the following is an example of habitat isolation as a prezygotic barrier, as illustrated in the provided images?

Accepted Answer

Two species of flies that lay eggs on different types of fruit, such as apples and blueberries.

Question 2

In the context of prezygotic barriers, what does temporal isolation prevent?

Accepted Answer

Mating between species that breed at different times of the year.

Question 3

Which scenario best exemplifies behavioral isolation as a prezygotic barrier?

Accepted Answer

Blue-footed boobies only mate after a unique courtship display.

Question 4

Mechanical isolation, as shown in the images, prevents successful mating attempts due to:

Accepted Answer

Morphological differences, such as misaligned genital openings in snails.

Question 5

Gametic isolation is illustrated by which of the following examples?

Accepted Answer

Surface proteins on sperm and eggs of different sea urchin species bind poorly, preventing fertilization.

Question 6

Which postzygotic barrier is demonstrated when hybrid offspring are robust but sterile, as seen in mules?

Accepted Answer

Reduced hybrid fertility

Question 7

Hybrid breakdown is best described by which scenario?

Accepted Answer

First-generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but their offspring are feeble or sterile.

Question 8

Which of the following is a limitation of the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

It cannot be applied to asexual organisms or fossils.

Question 9

Allopatric speciation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Populations are geographically isolated, restricting gene flow.

Question 10

Which process can result in sympatric speciation without geographic separation?

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy, sexual selection, or habitat differentiation

Question 11

In the context of polyploidy, what is the diploid number of a new allopolyploid species formed from parents with $$2n=6$$ and $$2n=4$$?

Accepted Answer

$$2n=10$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes reinforcement in a hybrid zone?

Accepted Answer

Selection strengthens prezygotic barriers, reducing hybrid production.

Question 13

What outcome is most likely if hybrids in a hybrid zone are as fit as their parent species?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of the two parent species into a single species.

Question 14

Which model of speciation is characterized by long periods of stasis punctuated by sudden change, as seen in the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

Punctuated equilibria

Question 15

A population of fish in a lake is split into two by a newly formed land barrier. Over time, the two populations diverge genetically and become reproductively isolated. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a tetraploid cell from a diploid cell with $$2n=6$$ due to a cell division error?

Accepted Answer

$$2n=6 \rightarrow 4n=12$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of prezygotic barriers?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of fertilization between different species

Question 18

Which species concept relies on structural features and can be applied to both sexual and asexual species, but is limited by subjective criteria?

Accepted Answer

Morphological species concept

Question 19

In the experiment with Lake Victoria cichlids, what factor led to increased hybridization between species?

Accepted Answer

Pollution reduced the ability of females to distinguish males by coloration.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

The cumulative effect of many speciation and extinction events over time.

Speciation and the Origin of Species

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