Question 1

Which of the following best explains why glucose stores a large amount of energy?

Accepted Answer

Glucose contains many C-H bonds, which release energy when oxidized during cellular respiration.

Question 2

Aerobic cellular respiration is classified as which type of reaction, and what is the source of energy for this process?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic; the energy comes from the breakdown of glucose.

Question 3

What is the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration, and which molecule is reduced?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy}$$; Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$}) is $$reduced.

Question 4

Which stage of aerobic cellular respiration produces the most ATP, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation; inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 5

During glycolysis, which of the following are the three products, and why are they considered high energy?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH; they contain energy-rich bonds or electrons that can be used in further reactions.

Question 6

Which product of pyruvate processing is considered low energy, and why?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$; it is a fully oxidized molecule with little usable energy remaining.

Question 7

What is the source of energy for the active transport of protons during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The energy released from the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain.

Question 8

In aerobic cellular respiration, what is the fate of the carbon atoms from glucose?

Accepted Answer

They are released as CO$$_2$$ during the Citric Acid Cycle and pyruvate processing.

Question 9

Which phase of aerobic cellular respiration also occurs during fermentation, and why is NAD$$^+$$ regeneration important?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis; NAD$$^+$$ regeneration allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Question 10

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis, and which reactant is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2}$$; Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$oxidized.

Question 11

Photosynthesis is classified as which type of reaction, and what is the source of energy for this process?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic; the energy comes from sunlight (photons).

Question 12

Which colors of visible light are most efficiently absorbed by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Blue and red wavelengths.

Question 13

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the initial source of electrons, and what is the role of water?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$split to provide electrons, and oxygen is released as a by-product.

Question 14

Which two products of the light reactions are used in the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH

Question 15

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin Cycle, and what are the reactants?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco; CO$$_2$$ and RuBP

Question 16

Which polysaccharide stores glucose for cellular respiration in animal cells, and how does its structure differ from cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; it is highly branched, while cellulose is unbranched and forms straight chains.

Question 17

If a plant cell is placed in the dark for 24 hours, which process will continue and which will stop?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration will continue; photosynthesis will stop.

Question 18

During fermentation in active animal muscle cells, what is the by-product, and why does fermentation occur?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid; fermentation occurs to regenerate NAD$$^+$$ when oxygen is low.

Question 19

Compare the ATP yield of aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation from one molecule of glucose.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration yields much more ATP (about 30-32) than fermentation (about 2).

Question 20

Which two polysaccharides can be synthesized from glucose in plants, and what are their primary functions?

Accepted Answer

Starch (energy storage) and cellulose (structural support).

Step-by-Step Guidance for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Study Questions

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