Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process of hydrolysis in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 2

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 3

A scientist discovers a molecule with the general formula $$C_nH_{2n}O_n. $$This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the formation of glycogen from glucose monomers in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 6

What is the primary function of enzymes in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Speeding up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic and nonpolar.

Question 8

A mutation in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA most directly affects which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded helix made of nucleotides containing deoxyribose.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis from amino acid monomers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animals that stores energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 15

Which of the following macromolecules is most directly involved in catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of steroids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Acting as hormones and components of cell membranes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reaction they catalyze.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid and its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA – stores genetic information

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains glycosidic bonds that most animals lack enzymes to hydrolyze.

Structure and Function of Basic Macromolecules in Biological Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions