Q: Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a good structural material in plant cell walls?

Cellulose is made of $eta$-glucose monomers linked by $eta$-1,4-glycosidic bonds, forming strong fibers.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It is an anabolic reaction that joins monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of biological macromolecule does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 3

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis is a catabolic process that breaks covalent bonds in polymers by adding water.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 5

A mutation causes a change in the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a good structural material in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is made of $eta$-glucose monomers linked by $eta$-1,4-glycosidic bonds, forming strong fibers.

Question 7

Which of the following functional groups is found in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 8

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of reaction is directly impaired in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of lactose

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the structure of starch and glycogen is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 12

A DNA molecule is composed of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds. Which monomers make up DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long chains of monomers covalently bonded together.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why proteins can have such diverse functions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

The sequence and arrangement of amino acids allow for a wide variety of three-dimensional structures.

Question 15

A researcher adds a solution of glucose and fructose to a test tube and observes the formation of sucrose and water. Which type of reaction has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of lipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 18

A change in the substrate of a polymer may lead to changes in the structure or function of the resulting macromolecule. Which of the following is the best example of this principle?

Accepted Answer

Replacing a fatty acid in a triglyceride with a different fatty acid alters the melting point of the fat.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is a suitable storage form of energy in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is highly branched, allowing rapid release of glucose when needed.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the solubility of macromolecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are generally insoluble in water due to their nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Structure and Function of Biological Molecules

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