Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents a hydrolysis reaction?

$ \text{Polymer} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Monomer}_1 + \text{Monomer}_2 $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single subunit that can join with others to form a polymer, which is a chain of repeating subunits.

Question 2

During a dehydration synthesis reaction, what is the end product when two monosaccharides are joined?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide and a molecule of water

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$ 	ext{Polymer} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 $

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major classes of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 6

What type of bond joins two monosaccharides together during the formation of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary component of a fat molecule?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 8

Which property makes lipids unique from other macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

They are generally hydrophobic and insoluble in water.

Question 9

Which type of lipid is the main component of plasma (cell) membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 11

What is the monomer and polymer of a protein, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid and polypeptide

Question 12

Which type of bond holds two amino acids together in a protein's primary structure?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 13

What happens to proteins when they are denatured?

Accepted Answer

They lose their three-dimensional structure and biological function.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the four levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary: sequence of amino acids; Secondary: alpha helices and beta sheets; Tertiary: 3D folding; Quaternary: multiple polypeptides assembled

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid monomer and polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide and DNA

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded; RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their hemoglobin protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected by a single amino acid substitution?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Question 21

Which of the following correctly matches a nitrogenous base with the nucleic acid in which it is found?

Accepted Answer

Thymine in DNA

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