Q: Which of the following is a correct description of the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why butter is solid at room temperature while olive oil is liquid?

Accepted Answer

Butter contains more saturated fatty acids, which allow molecules to pack closely together.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct description of the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 4

A patient is found to have a genetic mutation that changes a single amino acid in a protein. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 7

A triglyceride is formed by the reaction of:

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a specific shape that fits only certain substrates.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate and monosaccharide

Question 10

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary and secondary structures. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will lose its specific 3D shape and likely lose its function.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of steroids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They serve as structural components of cell membranes and as signaling molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about amino acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form proteins.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a good structural molecule in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose forms straight, unbranched chains that hydrogen bond to each other, providing rigidity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 15

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$ C$$_{6}$$H_{12}O$$_{6} $. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex.

Question 17

Which of the following is a purine base found in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 20

A person is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of macromolecule is lactase, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Lactase is a protein that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose.

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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