$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a true polymer among the four classes of large biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 2

What type of reaction is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is released as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

The glycosidic linkages in cellulose are different from those in starch.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Serving as fuel and building material

Question 5

Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The number of carbon atoms

Question 6

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds; saturated do not.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 8

A mutation in the DNA sequence that codes for a protein can result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A change in the protein's primary structure

Question 9

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure is determined by interactions among R groups.

Question 11

What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{protein} $$

Question 13

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 14

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 15

Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded; RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water, while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition and signaling

Question 18

During digestion, pancreatic enzymes break down proteins by _____ reactions into _____.

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine with thymine

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg, causing the egg white to solidify

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions