Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a polymer and a monomer in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

A polymer is a long molecule made of many similar or identical building blocks called monomers.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; byproduct is $$H_2O$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 4

A patient is found to have a deficiency in the enzyme that breaks down glycogen in muscle tissue. Which type of biological molecule is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure when exposed to high temperature. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 8

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 9

Which type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 11

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which levels of protein structure could potentially be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for glucose, the most common monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Starch and glucose

Question 16

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 17

A scientist isolates a molecule with a four-ring carbon structure. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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