Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cellulose is difficult for most animals to digest?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains beta ($\beta$) glycosidic linkages, which most animal enzymes cannot hydrolyze.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the formation of which of the following biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, by joining amino acids via peptide bonds.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid and its role in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head, forming bilayers that separate the cell from its environment.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A steroid such as cholesterol

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds in the fatty acid chains creates kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 7

During the hydrolysis of a disaccharide such as sucrose, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added, breaking the glycosidic bond and releasing two monosaccharides.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 9

A researcher is studying a molecule with the formula $C_{16}H_{32}O_2$. This molecule is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid

Question 10

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

A mutation causes a change in the DNA sequence coding for an enzyme, resulting in a single amino acid substitution. Which property of the enzyme is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's three-dimensional shape and function

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is a suitable storage molecule for animals?

Accepted Answer

It is highly branched, allowing rapid release of glucose when energy is needed.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 14

A scientist denatures a protein by exposing it to high heat. Which of the following best describes what happens to the protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its three-dimensional structure and function.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of enzymatic proteins?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why DNA can serve as a template for its own replication?

Accepted Answer

The two strands are complementary, allowing each to serve as a template for the other.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity and is a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 19

A sample of RNA is found to contain 30% adenine. What percentage of uracil would you expect to find in this sample?

Accepted Answer

30%

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform such a wide variety of functions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have diverse structures due to 20 different amino acids and complex folding patterns.

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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