Q: A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. Which structural difference between these two polysaccharides explains this phenomenon?

Cellulose contains $eta$ glycosidic linkages, while starch contains $ ext{α}$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and hydrolysis in the context of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions build polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

Which class of biological molecules does NOT consist of true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. Which structural difference between these two polysaccharides explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $eta$ glycosidic linkages, while starch contains $	ext{α}$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} \rightarrow 	ext{RNA} \rightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions, transport, and structural support

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the fatty acid and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded molecule with deoxyribose sugar.

Question 9

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure when exposed to extreme heat. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the monomer with its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide — DNA

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 12

Which of the following bonds is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 13

A patient has a genetic mutation that affects the primary structure of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Question 16

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 18

A mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence of hemoglobin, resulting in sickle cell anemia. Which level of protein structure is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of protein misfolding?

Accepted Answer

Development of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules (Macromolecules)

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