Question 1

Which of the following best describes a macromolecule in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A large molecule composed of repeating monomer units linked by covalent bonds.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for assembling polymers from monomers in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 3

A student is studying the breakdown of starch into glucose in the human digestive system. Which chemical reaction is primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule essential to life?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 5

Which statement correctly compares the structure of proteins and nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids, while nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.

Question 6

Which equation represents the general reaction for the formation of a polymer from monomers via dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$n \mathrm{Monomer} \rightarrow \mathrm{Polymer} + (n-1) \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

Question 7

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of macromolecule is lactose, and what reaction would normally break it down?

Accepted Answer

Lactose is a carbohydrate; hydrolysis would break it down.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are formed from a variety of different monomers and do not have a repeating monomer structure.

Question 9

A scientist is analyzing a sample and finds it contains only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Which macromolecule could this sample be?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer-polymer relationship?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and starch

Question 11

During the synthesis of a protein, which type of bond forms between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 12

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 13

A researcher adds water to a solution containing a polymer and observes the formation of monomers. Which reaction has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Question 15

Which macromolecule is most likely to be found in the cell membrane and is responsible for its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate - Monosaccharide

Question 17

A mutation causes a change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Which macromolecule is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of starch into glucose in the human intestine

Question 19

Which equation represents the hydrolysis of a polymer into its monomers?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Polymer} + (n-1) \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow n \mathrm{Monomer}$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the classification of macromolecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates are polymers, but lipids are not true polymers.

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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