Question 1

Which of the following best explains why butter is solid at room temperature while oil is liquid?

Accepted Answer

Butter contains saturated fatty acids, which have straight chains that pack tightly together.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct description of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers.

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that affects the folding of proteins inside the cell. Which level of protein structure is most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions, increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches a carbohydrate with its function?

Accepted Answer

Starch: energy storage in plants

Question 7

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 11

Which of the following amino acid side chains would most likely be found in the interior of a globular protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar side chains

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of steroids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Steroids act as hormones that regulate various physiological processes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

Purines have a double-ring structure, while pyrimidines have a single-ring structure.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves the association of multiple polypeptide chains.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of chaperonins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Chaperonins assist in the proper folding of proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $\beta$-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins two monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 20

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of macromolecule does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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