Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at very high resolution. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the surface area ($$A) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 5

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional aquaporin proteins. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will have impaired water transport across the plasma membrane

Question 6

Which organelle is the site of synthesis for most lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

During protein synthesis, which sequence correctly describes the path of a secretory protein from its synthesis to secretion?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 8

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that function best at acidic pH

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 10

Which process is most directly responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules forming the mitotic spindle

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It sorts, modifies, and ships proteins and lipids

Question 12

A cell is unable to maintain its shape and internal organization, and organelles are not held in place. Which cellular structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a double membrane

Question 14

Which cell junction prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid between neighboring animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of integrins in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Integrins anchor the ECM to the cell by binding to membrane proteins

Question 16

A cell is observed to have many peroxisomes. What is the most likely function of these organelles?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances

Question 17

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and replicate independently of the cell

Question 19

A mutation disrupts the function of actin in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic streaming and cell crawling

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It contains hydrophilic regions facing both the interior and exterior of the cell

Structure and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell

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