Question 1

Which of the following best explains how the internal organization of eukaryotic cells allows them to perform the functions of life?

Accepted Answer

Internal membranes divide the cell into compartments where specific chemical reactions occur.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains chloroplasts, mitochondria, and a protective cell wall. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

What is the main function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 5

A mutation disrupts the structure of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains most of the cell's DNA and is surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs and poisons.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a high number of ribosomes attached to its rough ER. What can you infer about this cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It is actively synthesizing proteins for export or for use in membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Question 10

Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for cells?

Accepted Answer

It limits the size of the cell because exchange of materials becomes inefficient as the ratio decreases.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

A researcher uses a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to study a cell. What is she most likely investigating?

Accepted Answer

The internal structures of the cell at high resolution

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why plant cells contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts convert light energy to chemical energy, while mitochondria generate ATP from that chemical energy.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates entry and exit of materials.

Question 16

A cell biologist wants to isolate mitochondria from a sample of eukaryotic cells. Which technique should she use?

Accepted Answer

Cell fractionation

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion.

Question 18

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular debris

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of smooth ER. Which of the following is a likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and synthesis of lipids

Structure and Organization of the Eukaryotic Cell (Part 1)

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