Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain specialized organelles that compartmentalize functions, increasing effective surface area.

Question 2

A spherical cell has a radius of $$r = 5\ \mu m. $$Calculate its surface area-to-volume ratio. (Surface area of a sphere: $$A = 4\pi r^2$, Volume: V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3)$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.6\ \mu m$$^{-1}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a decreasing surface area-to-volume ratio as an organism grows larger?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate of exchange of materials with the environment per unit volume.

Question 4

Which statement best describes the evolutionary relationship between animals and land plants?

Accepted Answer

Animals evolved from a protist ancestor similar to choanoflagellates, while land plants evolved from freshwater green algae.

Question 5

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells that contributes to their ability to maintain structure and form?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Question 6

A plant stem increases in diameter over several years. Which tissue is primarily responsible for this secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

Vascular cambium

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why leaves are typically flat and broad in many plant species?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient photosynthesis

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the potency of animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells are totipotent throughout their lives, while most animal cells become unipotent after differentiation.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the basic animal body plan?

Accepted Answer

A tube within a tube, with variations in tissue layers, symmetry, and body cavity

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant root system?

Accepted Answer

Supporting leaves and flowers

Question 11

Which tissue system in plants is primarily responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant body?

Accepted Answer

Vascular tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between form and function in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Form fits function at all levels of biological organization, with structure supporting specialized activities.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about animal metabolism and thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Endotherms use metabolic energy to maintain body temperature, while ectotherms depend more on environmental heat.

Question 14

A cube-shaped cell doubles its length from $$2\ \mu m to$$ $$4\ \mu m. By $$what factor does its surface area-to-volume ratio change? (Surface area: $$A = 6a^2$, Volume: V$$ = $$a^3)$$

Accepted Answer

It is reduced by half

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of secondary growth in woody plants?

Accepted Answer

Formation of wood (secondary xylem) and bark

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why multicellular organisms require specialized tissues and organs?

Accepted Answer

To allow for compartmentalization of physiological functions, increasing efficiency and specialization

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of plant tissue system and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Vascular tissue – transport of water and nutrients

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

Primary growth is due to apical meristems, while secondary growth is due to lateral meristems.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the hierarchical organization of life in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of physical laws in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Physical laws influence the structure and function of organisms, such as the relationship between surface area and heat exchange.

Structure, Growth, and Function in Multicellular Eukaryotes: Plants and Animals

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