Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the p53 gene in the regulation of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a tumor-suppressing gene that can trigger apoptosis in response to DNA damage.

Question 2

A researcher observes a cell with condensed chromatin, membrane blebbing, and cell shrinkage. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 3

Which of the following events occurs during the G2 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cell checks for DNA damage and ensures all DNA is replicated before entering mitosis.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

By acquiring mutations that lead to their overexpression or constitutive activation.

Question 5

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have spindle fibers attached to kinetochores and chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase of mitosis

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in a diploid cell ($$2n) $$after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$n$$

Question 8

Which statement best describes the difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes density-dependent inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Cells stop dividing when they come into contact with neighboring cells.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that has lost function in a tumor-suppressing gene. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle proceeds unchecked, increasing the risk of cancer.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between meiosis II and mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, while mitosis occurs in diploid or haploid cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of caspases in apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

They are proteases that cleave specific cellular proteins to execute cell death.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding oogenesis compared to spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one viable ovum and polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces four viable sperm.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of kinetochores during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They serve as attachment sites for spindle microtubules on chromosomes.

Question 15

A mutation causes a cell to lose anchorage dependence. What is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably and contribute to tumor formation.

Question 16

Which of the following regulatory proteins forms a complex with cyclin to control progression through the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Increasing genetic variation in somatic cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes of the same length and gene position, but may have different alleles.

Question 19

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite poles.

Question 20

A scientist observes that a cell fails to form a cell plate during division. What type of cell is this most likely NOT?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Exam 3 study guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions