Question 1

A chemical reaction is considered thermodynamically favorable (spontaneous). Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the change in Gibbs free energy ($$\Delta G) $$and the relative free energy of reactants and products?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$negative; reactants have more free energy than products.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism is exergonic and provides energy for anabolism, which is endergonic.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_A) $$but do not change the overall $$\Delta G of a $$reaction.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reaction.

Question 5

Which of the following factors does NOT affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number of the enzyme

Question 6

Which small molecules directly link photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 7

What is the balanced equation for the complete oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 8

During cellular respiration, which substance is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the main inputs and outputs of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Input: glucose, NAD+, ADP; Output: pyruvate, NADH, ATP

Question 10

Which of the following is the balanced equation for the photosynthetic production of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 11

In the process of photosynthesis, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Water is oxidized; carbon dioxide is reduced.

Question 12

How does chemiosmosis link the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

By pumping protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 13

What is the primary role of fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.

Question 14

Which of the following are common products of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid and ethanol

Question 15

Where in the mitochondrion does the citric acid cycle occur?

Accepted Answer

In the mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They are found only in animal cells.

Question 17

A patient is unable to produce sufficient ATP in their mitochondria due to a defect in the electron transport chain. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis

Question 18

If an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is placed in an environment with a pH far from its optimum, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's activity will decrease due to denaturation.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a thermodynamically favorable reaction may still proceed slowly in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The activation energy ($$E_A) is $$high, even though $$\Delta G is $$negative.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the coupling of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP produced by catabolic reactions is used to drive anabolic reactions.

Study Guide: Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Cellular Metabolism

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