Q: Given the DNA template strand $$5'\text{-}ATTGCCGAT\text{-}3'$$, what is the sequence of the complementary strand (write from $$3' to$$ $$5'$$)?

$$3'\text{-}TAACGGCTA\text{-}5'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction allows for independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization.

Question 2

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain, and what is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes; haploid ($$n)$$

Question 3

During which specific stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

A plant with genotype $$Tt ($$where $$T is $$tall and $$t is $$short) is crossed with another $$Tt$$ plant. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$ tall : $$1$$ short

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the law of segregation as observed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 6

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder (X$$^NX$^n) $$and a man who is unaffected (X$$^NY) $$have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 7

Which chromosomal abnormality results from nondisjunction during meiosis and leads to Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a possible result of an alteration in chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment

Question 9

Given the DNA template strand $$5'	ext{-}ATTGCCGAT	ext{-}3'$$, what is the sequence of the complementary strand (write from $$3' to$$ $$5'$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TAACGGCTA	ext{-}5'$$

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 11

Why is DNA replication described as 'semiconservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid ($$2n$$), gametes are haploid ($$n).$$

Question 13

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have children. Which blood types are possible for their children?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the antiparallel nature of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

One DNA strand runs $$5'\rightarrow3'$$, and the other runs $$3'\rightarrow5'.$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between leading and lagging strand synthesis during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.

Question 16

If a child inherits a recessive genetic disorder, but both parents are phenotypically normal, what is the most likely genotype of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous carriers.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a polyploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A plant with three sets of chromosomes ($$3n)$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why X-linked recessive traits are more common in males than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the trait.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 20

A geneticist observes a chromosome with a segment that has been reversed end to end. What type of chromosomal mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Study Guide: Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, Chromosomal Inheritance, and DNA Structure & Replication

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