Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait, while an allele is a variant form of that gene.

Question 2

During meiosis, which event is responsible for increasing genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 3

A diploid cell (2n) in a human contains how many chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a unique event to meiosis (compared to mitosis)?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II

Question 5

If a plant species has a diploid number of $$2n = 18$$, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$9$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 7

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

AB blood type in humans, where both A and B alleles are expressed equally

Question 9

A test cross is performed between a pea plant with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring display the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 10

Which of the following statements about X-inactivation in female mammals is correct?

Accepted Answer

One X chromosome in each cell becomes inactivated, forming a Barr body.

Question 11

A cell is found to have three copies of chromosome 21. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Trisomy

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 13

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments known as:

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 15

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{GAA} to$$ $$	ext{GUA} in $$mRNA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 16

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 17

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of the 5' cap added to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from degradation and helps ribosome binding during translation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Question 19

A gene is said to be 'linked' to another gene if:

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon to the codon on mRNA.

Study Guide: Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, Chromosomal Inheritance, and Gene Expression

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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