Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA nucleotides have a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA nucleotides have a ribose sugar.

Question 2

Which base pairing rule is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

$A$ pairs with $T$, $G$ pairs with $C$

Question 3

What type of bond forms between the phosphate group and the sugar in a nucleotide during condensation?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 4

Which structural feature distinguishes an aldose sugar from a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldose sugars have an aldehyde group, while ketose sugars have a ketone group.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about the anti-parallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides, and under what condition?

Accepted Answer

Amylase; only if the monomers are in the alpha form

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.

Question 8

What is the major linkage found in starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

$\alpha$-1,4 glycosidic linkage

Question 9

Which statement best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol backbone

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between the structure of DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by a condensation (dehydration) reaction between two monosaccharides.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the base pairing in RNA?

Accepted Answer

$A$ pairs with $U$, $G$ pairs with $C$

Question 14

Which of the following is a structural feature of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Location of the carbonyl group

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of steroids?

Accepted Answer

They have a four-ring structure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between the alpha and beta forms of glucose?

Accepted Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the glycosidic linkage in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

$\beta$-1,4 glycosidic linkage

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the branching in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Branches are formed by $\alpha$-1,6 glycosidic linkages.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct summary of the structure of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids linked to a glycerol backbone

Study Guide: Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Lipids (Lectures 2–5)

Study Guide - Practice Questions