Question 1

Which organelle is directly responsible for the transcription of DNA into RNA, and where is it located within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus; located in the center of the cell surrounded by the nuclear envelope

Question 2

A mutation disrupts the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Loss of structural support for the nucleus, leading to abnormal nuclear shape

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Question 4

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and secretion of proteins

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiont theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 7

A plant cell contains a large central vacuole. What is the primary function of this vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water, ions, and maintenance of turgor pressure

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Composed of tubulin; provide tracks for organelle movement and form the mitotic spindle

Question 9

Which equation best represents the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane, according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \frac{(C_1$ - C_2$)}{d}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the fluidity of the plasma membrane is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It enables membrane proteins to move and interact, facilitating cell signaling and transport

Question 13

Which of the following statements about selective permeability of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The membrane allows some substances to cross more easily than others

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and mediates cell signaling

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and carbohydrates embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Question 16

Which of the following membrane proteins is responsible for facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporter (GLUT)

Question 17

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which type of transport will occur if the solutes cannot cross the membrane directly?

Accepted Answer

Active transport using ATP

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

Which of the following is a major difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and synthesizes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of motor proteins in cellular movement?

Accepted Answer

They interact with cytoskeletal filaments to generate force and movement

Study Guide: The Cell and Membrane Structure (Chapters 6 & 7)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards