Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription synthesizes RNA from a DNA template, while translation synthesizes proteins from an RNA template.

Question 2

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA}. $$What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; the protein will be prematurely truncated.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about Mendel's law of independent assortment is correct?

Accepted Answer

It explains why the inheritance of one trait generally does not affect the inheritance of another trait.

Question 4

A woman who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder marries a man who is homozygous dominant. What is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

Accepted Answer

0%

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why a frameshift mutation can have a more severe effect than a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutations alter the reading frame, potentially changing every amino acid downstream of the mutation.

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$RrYy 	imes RrYy$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains phosphate groups, while RNA does not.

Question 8

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 9

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Question 10

If a gene is located on the X chromosome and shows recessive inheritance, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Males are more likely to express the trait because they have only one X chromosome.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

A testcross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring display the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 16

A man with blood type A (genotype $$I^A i) $$and a woman with blood type B (genotype $$I^B i) $$have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why sex-linked traits are more common in males than in females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The genotype provides the genetic potential, but the phenotype can be influenced by environmental factors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a wild type allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele that is most common in a natural population.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.

Study Guide: Transcription, Translation, and Mendelian Genetics (General Biology I)

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