$$ \text{Polymer} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Monomer}_1 + \text{Monomer}_2 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polymer and a monomer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a repeating unit that can be joined to form a polymer, which is a large molecule made of many monomers.

Question 2

Which type of chemical reaction is responsible for joining monomers together to form polymers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; energy storage in animals

Question 4

What is the main structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct formula for a hydrolysis reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Polymer} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 $$

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what type of biomolecule does it act on?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; acts on carbohydrates

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide that provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape formed by interactions among R groups.

Question 11

A scientist discovers a new molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of biomolecule does this most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 12

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that acts as a barrier to most water-soluble substances.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Accepted Answer

Alpha and beta glucose differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{NH}_2-	ext{CHR}-	ext{COOH} $$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains what happens when a protein denatures?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its three-dimensional shape due to disruption of secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure.

Question 18

Which of the following is a difference between a micelle and a lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A micelle is a single-layered sphere, while a lipid bilayer is a double-layered sheet.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for the general structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Phosphate} - 	ext{Sugar} - 	ext{Base} $$

Study Notes: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Study Guide - Practice Questions