Question 1

Which of the following biological macromolecules is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage in animals, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipids; fatty acid and glycerol

Question 2

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in a specific enzyme. Which class of biological macromolecule is this enzyme, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein; amino acid

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Information storage

Question 4

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 5

A scientist isolates a molecule composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Information storage

Question 7

Which macromolecule would be most directly affected if a mutation disrupted the formation of peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 8

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a macromolecule with its example?

Accepted Answer

Protein – lactase

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a carbohydrate used for plant structure.

Question 10

A molecule is identified as a polymer of amino acids. Which of the following best describes its function?

Accepted Answer

It can act as an enzyme, provide structure, or transport substances.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fats are more efficient for long-term energy storage than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats contain more carbon-hydrogen bonds, which store more energy per gram.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct monomer-polymer pairing?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide – starch

Question 13

A diet lacking in essential amino acids would most directly affect the synthesis of which macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between a nucleotide and an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base, while an amino acid contains an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.

Question 15

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – enzyme catalysis

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in plants?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together to form polymers through dehydration synthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following would be most affected if a cell could not produce nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA and RNA synthesis

Summary of Key Concepts: Biological Molecules

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