Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of chromosomes ($$n) in a $$somatic cell and a gamete in a diploid organism?

$$n_{somatic} = 2 \times n_{gamete}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, development, and tissue repair by producing genetically identical daughter cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, resulting in duplicated chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, and no nuclear envelope. Which stage of mitosis is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the mitotic spindle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is made of microtubules that originate from centrosomes and attach to kinetochores

Question 5

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will switch into a non-dividing state called G0

Question 6

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is important in wound healing because it:

Accepted Answer

Stimulates fibroblasts to divide by acting as an external growth factor

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors while normal cells do not under the same conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells ignore cell cycle checkpoints and continue dividing uncontrollably

Question 8

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of chromosomes ($$n) in a $$somatic cell and a gamete in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

$$n_{somatic} = 2 	imes n_{gamete}$$

Question 10

Which of the following events distinguishes cytokinesis in plant cells from that in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Assembly of a cell plate from vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are crucial for cell cycle regulation because:

Accepted Answer

They require binding to cyclins to become active and regulate cell cycle transitions

Question 12

A researcher adds a chemical that prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle in a culture of dividing animal cells. What is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes will not be able to align or separate properly during mitosis

Question 13

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is considered the most important for many cells, often determining whether the cell will divide?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 14

If a mutation causes a cell to lose its anchorage dependence, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, contributing to tumor formation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cohesins during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They hold sister chromatids together until anaphase

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a single layer of cells that stop dividing once they fill a gap. This behavior is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

Presence of density-dependent inhibition

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the mitotic (M) phase?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why meiosis, and not mitosis, is necessary for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing chromosome doubling in offspring

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a drug that blocks the function of cyclin. What is the most likely effect on the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to activate cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and may arrest at a checkpoint

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes during cell division

The Cell Cycle: Mechanisms and Regulation (Chapter 12 Study Notes)

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