Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromatin, chromosomes, and the genome in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins, chromosomes are condensed chromatin visible during cell division, and the genome is the complete set of genetic material in a cell.

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 3

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 6

What is the main difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 7

Which checkpoint is considered the most important for determining whether a cell will divide?

Accepted Answer

G$$_1$$ checkpoint

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to produce functional checkpoint proteins. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to cancer.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence.

Question 10

In binary fission, which is true about the distribution of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the single, circular chromosome.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins to regulate cell cycle progression.

Question 12

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, and no nuclear envelope. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 13

Which of the following external signals can stimulate cell division in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 14

If a human cell in G$$_1$$ phase is fused with a cell in S phase, what is likely to happen to the G$$_1$$ nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It will begin DNA synthesis and enter S phase.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with a single, circular DNA molecule and no nucleus. Which process is most likely responsible for its division?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 17

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in human gametes and somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23 in $$gametes, $$2n = 46 in $$somatic cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the loss of function in checkpoint proteins can lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cells divide uncontrollably, accumulating mutations.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

The Cell Cycle: Mechanisms and Regulation of Eukaryotic Cell Division

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