Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for reproduction, growth and development, and tissue renewal.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After DNA replication but before mitosis, how many chromatids are present in the cell?

Accepted Answer

92

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for attaching spindle microtubules to chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 5

What is the main difference between binary fission in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission does not involve spindle formation, while mitosis does.

Question 6

During anaphase of mitosis, at which end do kinetochore microtubules shorten?

Accepted Answer

At the kinetochore end

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can divide uncontrollably?

Accepted Answer

They have lost the ability to respond to density-dependent inhibition and cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 8

If a cell is unable to form a functional mitotic spindle, which stage of mitosis will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is most critical for preventing cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G\_2 checkpoint

Question 10

What is the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins only when bound to cyclins, regulating cell cycle progression.

Question 11

A researcher adds platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to a culture of human fibroblast cells. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Cells will begin to divide in response to the external growth factor.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of chromosomes ($$n) $$and chromatids ($$c) in a $$human cell after DNA replication but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$c = 2n$$

Question 13

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

In plant cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a cell plate

Question 15

Which of the following statements about chromatin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.

Question 16

A cell in the G\_1 phase of the cell cycle is most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Growing and carrying out normal metabolic functions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of loss of cell cycle control in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells can invade neighboring tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the centromere during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where sister chromatids are most closely attached.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the number of chromosomes in human gametes compared to somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between normal mammalian cells and cancer cells in culture?

Accepted Answer

Normal cells exhibit density-dependent inhibition, while cancer cells do not.

The Cell Cycle: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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