Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of microtubules during mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They form the mitotic spindle, which separates sister chromatids during anaphase.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result of this process?

Accepted Answer

S phase; each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with duplicated chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the ploidy change during mitosis in a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

$2n \rightarrow 2n$

Question 5

If a mutation disrupts the function of microfilaments during cytokinesis, what is the most likely outcome for an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will fail to divide its cytoplasm, resulting in a binucleate cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why tissue renewal in humans relies on the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle produces genetically identical cells to replace damaged or old cells.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have separated sister chromatids moving toward opposite poles. Which event has just occurred?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for the distribution of genetic material during eukaryotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome duplication → alignment at metaphase plate → separation of sister chromatids → distribution to daughter cells

Question 9

Which of the following terms refers to the entire set of genetic material in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Genome

Question 10

A researcher is studying a cell that has just completed the S phase. Which of the following statements is true about the chromosomes in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

Question 11

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 12

In a real-world scenario, a lizard loses its tail and regenerates it through cell division. Which role of the cell cycle does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Tissue renewal

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the less condensed form of genetic material, while chromosomes are highly condensed and visible during mitosis.

Question 14

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

$46$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Increasing genetic diversity through recombination

Question 16

During which phase of the cell cycle are duplicated chromosomes checked for errors before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a cleavage furrow forming. Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a genome, chromosomes, and DNA?

Accepted Answer

A genome is the complete set of DNA, which is organized into chromosomes.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a condition where their somatic cells cannot complete cytokinesis. What is the most likely cellular outcome?

Accepted Answer

Cells with multiple nuclei (multinucleated cells) will form.

The Cell Cycle: Structure, Function, and Phases

Study Guide - Practice Questions