Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a greater surface area to volume ratio, which increases efficiency in exchanging materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins and can be found both free in the cytoplasm and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall made of cellulose, and plastids. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 6

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and is characterized by a double membrane and internal folds called cristae?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) in liver cells exposed to high levels of toxins?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification and lipid synthesis

Question 8

Which organelle is known as the 'garbage disposal' of the cell and is involved in breaking down food, foreign materials, and damaged organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, which is caused by a missing enzyme in which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal fiber is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and is the thinnest of the three types?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 11

Which structure is NOT an organelle but serves as the microtubule organizing center in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome: Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area ($SA$) and volume ($V$) for a spherical cell of radius $r$?

Accepted Answer

$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, $V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell volume and storing water

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 16

Which of the following is a structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of cellulose and provides structural support.

Question 18

Which organelle is NOT produced by the Golgi apparatus but is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 19

Which of the following statements about cilia and flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both are made of microtubules and can be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many rough endoplasmic reticulum and bound ribosomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and secretion

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Types (Unit 2, Chapter 4)

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