Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.

Question 2

According to Virchow’s Principle, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Cells arise only from other living cells.

Question 3

During binary fission in prokaryotes, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

DNA replicates, cell elongates, chromosomes separate, cell divides.

Question 4

If a human cell contains approximately $$2 	imes 10^0$ meters of DNA, how much DNA is present in a human body with 10$$^{14}$$ cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 10$$^{14}$$ meters

Question 5

Which feature is unique to eukaryotic chromosomes compared to prokaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and associated with histone proteins.

Question 6

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 7

A cell is observed with condensed chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which stage of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

What is the main consequence of loss of cell cycle control in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells begin to divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 10

During meiosis, which process increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over (homologous recombination)

Question 11

If a diploid cell (2n) undergoes meiosis, what is the chromosome number in each resulting gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$n$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that contributes to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 13

Which type of cell division is responsible for growth and repair in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 14

A mutation occurs in a gene located on an autosome. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The mutation can affect both males and females equally.

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the total DNA length in a human body, given each cell has $$2$$ meters of DNA and there are $$10^{14}$$ cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 10$$^{14}$$ meters

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is advantageous for a population?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation, allowing for better adaptation to changing environments.

Question 17

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the reappearance of nuclear membranes and relaxation of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 18

A cell is halted in the cell cycle due to DNA damage. Which phase is most likely responsible for this checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

G$$_1$$ phase

Question 19

Which of the following is true about gametes?

Accepted Answer

They are haploid cells produced by meiosis.

Question 20

Which process ensures that each gamete contains a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance: Study Notes

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