Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A researcher treats cells with a chemical that prevents DNA synthesis from starting. In which part of the cell cycle would these cells be trapped?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about binary fission in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission results in genetically identical offspring.

Question 5

If a human cell is observed to have 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes condense and become visible, but the nuclear envelope is still intact.

Question 7

What is the main difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 8

A cell has the haploid number of chromosomes, but each chromosome has two chromatids. The chromosomes are arranged singly at the center of the spindle. What is the meiotic stage?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase II

Question 9

If a species has a diploid number of 10, how many possible chromosomal combinations can be produced in its gametes by independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$2^5 = 32$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They divide uncontrollably due to mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle.

Question 11

Which type of gene, when mutated, can become an oncogene and promote excessive cell division?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogene

Question 12

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 13

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits at the same loci.

Question 14

Which process increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 15

A human karyotype shows 47 chromosomes, including three copies of chromosome 21. What condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 16

Which checkpoint(s) in the cell cycle do chromosomes exist as duplicated sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

G2 and M checkpoints

Question 17

Why are epithelial cells more likely to become cancerous than nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells divide more frequently, increasing the chance of mutations.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the chromosome number in human gametes?

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes, one from each homologous pair

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A starfish regenerating a lost arm that grows into a new individual

Question 20

If a cell starts with 8 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete have?

Accepted Answer

4

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

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