Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the formation of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by the removal of a water molecule.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

Which chemical structure is common to all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are formed by dehydration reactions between fatty acids and glycerol, but do not consist of a chain of identical monomers.

Question 5

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a major energy storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by interactions between side chains (R groups) of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 7

A DNA molecule consists of two strands forming a double helix. Which type of bond holds the two strands together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct formula for a dehydration reaction that forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond, causing a kink in the chain.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that acts as a barrier to the movement of certain molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches a polymer with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Starch — Glucose

Question 13

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of lipids compared to other biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are generally hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Purines have a double ring structure, while pyrimidines have a single ring structure.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a protein's quaternary structure?

Accepted Answer

The association of multiple polypeptide subunits to form a functional protein

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy storage and structural support

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of side chain (R group) differences in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They influence the chemical properties and folding of proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following is a product of a dehydration reaction between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond and a molecule of water

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The folding of the polypeptide into alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

General biology unit 5

Study Guide - Practice Questions