$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small molecules that join together to form polymers through covalent bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid (phospholipid)

Question 3

A scientist isolates a molecule composed of a long chain of nucleotides. Which biological macromolecule has she most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores hereditary information and can replicate itself.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for copying genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 6

Which of the following best summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of fats in animals?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs

Question 8

Why do plant seeds often contain high amounts of fats?

Accepted Answer

Fats provide high-density energy reserves needed for seed germination.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene. Which process was directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the protein produced from that gene

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more C-H bonds, which release more energy when oxidized.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique property of nucleic acids compared to proteins and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit hereditary information.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA makes an exact copy of itself prior to cell division.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is classified as a lipid?

Accepted Answer

It has a characteristic four-ring hydrocarbon structure and is hydrophobic.

Question 16

A virus uses RNA to store and transmit its genetic information. Which of the following diseases is caused by such a virus?

Accepted Answer

COVID-19

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule by ester bonds

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the hydrophobic nature of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipids spontaneously form bilayers in water, creating cell membranes.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why animal fats are solid at room temperature while plant oils are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Animal fats are saturated, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 20

A mutation prevents the transcription of a gene into mRNA. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of the corresponding protein

The Four Major Classes of Biological Molecules: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions