Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the myelin sheath in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission along the axon.

Question 2

A patient is unable to move their right arm after a stroke. Which part of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Left cerebral cortex

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which moves 3 Na$$^+$$ out for every 2 K$$^+ in.$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why impulses travel faster in myelinated neurons compared to unmyelinated neurons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows the impulse to jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 5

A person accidentally touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand before feeling pain. Which neural pathway is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Reflex arc

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly found at neuromuscular junctions and is broken down by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of movement and balance

Question 8

Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, refractory period

Question 12

A person is exposed to a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase. What is the most likely effect on synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron due to excess acetylcholine

Question 13

Which part of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is required for the synthesis of rhodopsin in rods.

Question 15

Which structure in the ear is responsible for converting sound vibrations into nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

Organ of Corti

Question 16

A person with damage to the basilar membrane in the cochlea would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sensorineural deafness

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the semicircular canals in the ear?

Accepted Answer

Detecting rotational movements and maintaining balance

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the fovea centralis?

Accepted Answer

It is the region of the retina with the highest density of cones and is responsible for sharp vision.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why impulses cannot travel backward along an axon during the refractory period?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels are inactivated and cannot reopen immediately.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of the effect of a stimulant on the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine increases synaptic transmission by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.

The Nervous System and Senses: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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