Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small molecules that combine to form polymers through covalent bonds.

Question 2

During the synthesis of a polymer, which type of reaction occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water ($$H_2O) is $$released as a byproduct.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a macromolecule in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 4

A student is studying the breakdown of starch in the human digestive system. Which reaction and enzyme type are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by specialized enzymes

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, including humans?

Accepted Answer

Animals lack enzymes that hydrolyze the $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 6

Which of the following formulas represents a hexose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 7

A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules to form maltose. What is the chemical equation for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 8

Which polysaccharide is the primary storage form of glucose in animals, and where is it mainly stored?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stored mainly in liver and muscle cells

Question 9

Which structural difference distinguishes starch from cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has $$\alpha$$ glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of chitin in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support in the exoskeletons of arthropods

Question 11

A scientist discovers a polysaccharide with extensive branching and rapid mobilization for energy. Which polysaccharide is most likely being described?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the synthesis and breakdown of polymers?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that join or break apart monomers in polymers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its monomer components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose; composed of glucose and fructose

Question 14

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why starch is a good energy storage molecule in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of glucose monomers that can be easily hydrolyzed to release energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the diversity of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A large variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose; serves as a primary energy source for cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a low-carbohydrate diet in humans?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are depleted, leading to weakness and fatigue.

Chapter 5.1 notes

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