Q: A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this?

The patient lacks enzymes that hydrolyze $eta$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Both starch and cellulose are composed of glucose monomers, but starch has $	ext{α}$ glycosidic linkages and cellulose has $eta$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is important in the synthesis of biological polymers. Which equation best represents a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 4

Which type of bond forms between two amino acids in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 5

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

The patient lacks enzymes that hydrolyze $eta$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of enzymatic proteins?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules

Question 8

What structural feature distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid bilayer in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic tails face the interior, hydrophilic heads face the exterior.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA — RNA — Protein

Question 11

A mutation changes the primary structure of a protein. Which levels of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, and tertiary structures

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.

Question 13

Which of the following diseases is associated with misfolded proteins?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids do not consist of repeating monomer units.

Question 15

Which of the following bonds is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the inability to hydrolyze $eta$ glycosidic linkages in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose acts as insoluble fiber in the human digestive tract.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches a protein function with its example?

Accepted Answer

Transport — Hemoglobin

Question 18

Which of the following environmental changes is most likely to cause protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Change in pH

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The two strands run in opposite directions (one 5' to 3', the other 3' to 5').

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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