Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids do not consist of repeating monomer units and are not formed by polymerization.

Question 2

A dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction is essential for which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Forming a peptide bond between two amino acids to build a polypeptide.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of $\alpha$ glucose monomers, while cellulose is composed of $\beta$ glucose monomers.

Question 4

A patient is found to have a genetic mutation that prevents the production of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase (AMCase). Which type of food would this individual most likely have difficulty digesting?

Accepted Answer

Foods containing chitin, such as mushrooms and shellfish.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions without being permanently changed.

Question 7

A diet high in trans fats is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Which chemical process is responsible for the formation of trans fats from unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in cell membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base and a sugar, while a nucleotide also contains a phosphate group.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T)

Question 11

A scientist is analyzing a sample of nucleic acid and finds that it contains uracil, ribose sugar, and is single-stranded. Which type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is not digestible by most animals, including humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of $\beta$ glucose monomers, and most animals lack enzymes to hydrolyze $\beta$ linkages.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 14

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphodiester bonds

Question 16

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of chaperonins in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

Chaperonins assist in the proper folding of polypeptides by providing an isolated environment.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the 5' and 3' ends of a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

The 5' end has a free phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar, while the 3' end has a free hydroxyl group on the third carbon.

Question 19

A researcher is studying a molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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