Question 1

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what molecule is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; a water molecule is released

Question 2

A student is analyzing a molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of biological macromolecule does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of glucose monomers joined by $\alpha$-1,4 glycosidic linkages, while cellulose is composed of glucose monomers joined by $\beta$-1,4 glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not true polymers and are characterized by their hydrophobic nature.

Question 5

A phospholipid molecule contains which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, two fatty acid tails, and a glycerol backbone

Question 6

Why are unsaturated fats typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing of molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats raise LDL (bad cholesterol) and lower HDL (good cholesterol), increasing the risk of heart disease.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

A peptide bond is formed between which two functional groups of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin, resulting in sickle-cell disease. Which principle does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A change in protein structure can alter its function.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break $\beta$-1,4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support in plant cell walls

Question 16

During hydrolysis of a polymer, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added, breaking a bond between monomers

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protein's function and its example?

Accepted Answer

Structural support – collagen

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined by removing a water molecule

Question 20

Which of the following statements about protein denaturation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation can be caused by changes in pH, temperature, or salt concentration.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: Cell Biology

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