Q: Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is correct?

Cellulose has $$eta 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages, while starch has $$oldsymbol{\alpha} 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction in the context of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions join monomers by removing a water molecule, while hydrolysis reactions break polymers into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 3

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 4

Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has $$eta 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages, while starch has $$oldsymbol{\alpha} 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and avoid water, while their phosphate heads are hydrophilic and interact with water.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions, transport, and structural support

Question 7

A change in pH can cause a protein to lose its native structure. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 9

Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why animal fats are solid at room temperature while plant oils are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Animal fats are composed of saturated fatty acids, which pack tightly together, while plant oils are composed of unsaturated fatty acids with cis double bonds that prevent tight packing.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 12

A mutation causes a single amino acid change in the primary structure of a protein. Which levels of protein structure could be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 13

Which of the following statements about chitin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity and is a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 15

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides. Which biological process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate storage and structure

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze $$eta 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease results from a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin, altering its structure and function.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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