Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polymer and a monomer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a repeating unit that serves as a building block for polymers.

Question 2

Which reaction is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water is released.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct formula for glucose, the most common monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 4

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and how does it affect its structure?

Accepted Answer

1–4 linkage of $$\beta$$ glucose; forms straight, unbranched fibers.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

Question 6

What structural feature distinguishes a saturated fat from an unsaturated fat?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have one or more cis double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

What type of bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

A change in pH or temperature can cause a protein to lose its native structure. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 12

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar

Question 13

Which statement best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, but starch can?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes to hydrolyze $$\beta 1$$–4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein's function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transporting oxygen in the blood

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid?

Accepted Answer

Four fused carbon rings

Question 17

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 18

A scientist isolates a molecule with the following components: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fats are a more efficient energy storage molecule than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more energy-rich C-H bonds per gram than carbohydrates.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological molecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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