Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids do not consist of repeating similar building blocks (monomers) as seen in true polymers.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of macromolecules. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed, allowing two monomers to bond and form a polymer.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, even though it is a polymer of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains glucose monomers joined by $\beta$-glycosidic linkages, which human enzymes cannot hydrolyze.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the primary structure of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing the interior and hydrophilic heads facing the exterior.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 8

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has $\beta$-glycosidic linkages.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 11

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the fatty acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis adds a water molecule, breaking a bond in a polymer to release monomers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base with its complementary base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 14

A protein is exposed to extreme heat, causing it to lose its three-dimensional structure and function. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are usually liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They have one or more double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 17

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of hemoglobin, resulting in sickle cell disease. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A change in primary structure can affect the protein's overall shape and function.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 19

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 20

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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