Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which a polymer is assembled from its monomers?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration (condensation) reaction, which removes a water molecule to form a bond between monomers.

Question 2

Which type of linkage is formed between monosaccharides to create a polysaccharide such as starch?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 3

A scientist is analyzing a lipid molecule and observes that it contains one glycerol and three fatty acids joined by ester linkages. Which type of lipid is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Question 4

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are typically found in animal fats.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are considered amphipathic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They contain both hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head.

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms, resulting in alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 7

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of a protein. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The secondary, tertiary, and possibly quaternary structures may be altered, affecting protein function.

Question 8

Which of the following bonds holds together the monomers of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 10

Which of the following linkages is responsible for joining nucleotides together in a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 11

A researcher adds a new monomer to a growing DNA strand. To which end of the strand is the new nucleotide added?

Accepted Answer

To the 3' end

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in their function?

Accepted Answer

The three-dimensional shape of the enzyme creates an active site that fits only specific substrates.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage in liver and muscle cells

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the solubility of macromolecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are generally insoluble in water due to their nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the fluidity of a phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

They increase membrane fluidity by introducing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

A carbohydrate polymer is being broken down into its monomers in the human digestive tract. Which reaction is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of macromolecule and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Lipids – long-term energy storage

Question 20

Which of the following bonds is responsible for holding together the two strands of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological molecules :REVIEW

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards