Q: Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, while starch can?

Cellulose contains $eta$-glucose linkages, which most animals lack enzymes to break

Question 1

Which process is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers in biological macromolecules, and what is the chemical byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water

Question 2

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected by this change?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $eta$-glucose linkages, which most animals lack enzymes to break

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They form bilayers because their heads are hydrophilic and tails are hydrophobic

Question 5

A protein is exposed to high heat and extreme pH. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its functional shape

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes the directionality of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' $ightarrow$ 3', and the other runs 3' $ightarrow$ 5'

Question 7

Which type of bond is responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

A triglyceride is formed by joining which components through which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol via dehydration synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of structural polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening plant cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $ightarrow$ RNA $ightarrow$ protein

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by the interaction of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \rightarrow AB + H_2O$

Question 13

Which property of amino acids most directly influences the folding and final shape of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The chemical nature of the R group (side chain)

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded helix with antiparallel strands

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of chaperonin proteins?

Accepted Answer

Assisting in the proper folding of other proteins

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a protein function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in blood

Question 20

A scientist is studying a protein using a ribbon model, a space-filling model, and a wireframe model. What is the main advantage of using multiple models?

Accepted Answer

It allows visualization of different aspects of protein structure and interactions

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

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