Q: A scientist measures a cell to be $5 \mu m$ in diameter. How many nanometers is this?

$5 \times 10^3 = 5000$ nanometers

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A compound light microscope uses two lenses to magnify a specimen. If the ocular lens is 10X and the objective lens is 40X, what is the total magnification?

Accepted Answer

$10 	imes 40 = 400$

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for converting chemical energy from food into usable energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

Penicillin is effective against bacteria because it targets structures found only in bacterial cells. Which of the following is one such structure?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosome

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass more easily than others.

Question 6

A scientist wants to observe the 3D surface structure of a virus. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

If a cell's lysosomes are not functioning properly, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste and foreign particles

Question 11

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

A mutation causes the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the plasma membrane to become hydrophilic. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The membrane would lose its ability to form a bilayer, compromising cell integrity.

Question 13

Which organelle is most abundant in muscle cells due to their high energy requirements?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

During protein synthesis, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

DNA transfers code to mRNA, mRNA exits nucleus, ribosome translates mRNA into protein.

Question 15

Which of the following cell structures is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and enabling movement?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 16

A scientist measures a cell to be $5 \mu m$ in diameter. How many nanometers is this?

Accepted Answer

$5 	imes 10^3 = 5000$ nanometers

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Producing lipids and detoxifying drugs

Question 18

Which cell structure is responsible for receiving, modifying, and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following is true about mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They both contain their own DNA and are thought to have originated from ancient prokaryotes.

Question 20

A freshwater protist uses a contractile vacuole to pump water out of its cell. What would happen if this vacuole stopped functioning?

Accepted Answer

The cell would swell and possibly burst due to water accumulation.

Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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